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Dell Hymes's SPEAKING Model

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Background Sociolinguist  Dell Hymes  developed the following model to promote the analysis of discourse as a series of speech events and speech acts within a cultural context. It uses the first letters of terms for speech components; the categories are so productive and powerful in analysis that you can use this model to analyze many different kinds of discourse. Mr. McGowan patricularly enjoys applying this model to storytelling. The SPEAKING Model S etting and Scene "Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and, in general, to the physical circumstances" ( Hymes  55).The living room in the grandparents' home might be a setting for a family story. Scene is the "psychological setting" or "cultural definition" of a scene, including characteristics such as range of formality and sense of play or seriousness (Hymes 55-56). The family story may be told at a reunion celebrating the grandparents' anniversary. At times, the family
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A Sample Study Using the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. Model

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A Sample Study Using the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. Model Here is an example of one study that was conducted at a Puerto Rican Center (PRC) that was based on Hymes’ model ( Within one communicative event, PRC board meetings there were: S etting : The setting was an old Victorian-type building, third floor, in the Director’s office. A table was in the front of the room with folding chairs around it. Further in the room was the Director’s desk. Pictures and plaques covered the walls and there was a clock on the wall near the door. The scene was the first Thursday of every month, the board of Directors of this non-profit cultural center were assembled to meet for one hour in the early morning to discuss and, when necessary, to vote on matters of importance to the functioning of the Center. P articipants : The potential participants for these meetings were the 13 board members, the staff, consultants, special invited guests and the public at large. The actual participants at each meeting va
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Peaking

Dear All, Today, I would like to discuss with you famous anthropologist and linguist Dell Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1974). According to Hymes, a speech situation can only be understood if not only linguistic, but also other aspects are taken into consideration, such as: the setting of the communication, its goals, and the information about the participants. In order to reflect all these factors and help speech act analysts to make more in-depth analysis, Hymes coined the following acronym: SPEAKING [model/paradigm]. Below is the explanation of how to decode it: S= SETTING/SCENE  – i.e. where the speech situation is taking place (e.g. a University lecture hall) – this is the setting; the overall mood and context (is the conversation serious or funny; what is the cultural ambiance) – this is the scene [aka psychological setting]. P= PARTICIPANTS  – i.e. the information about the participants (e.g. their cultural and sociolinguistic background). E= ENDS  (goals) – i.e. what are the g
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