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Dell Hymes's SPEAKING Model

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Background Sociolinguist  Dell Hymes  developed the following model to promote the analysis of discourse as a series of speech events and speech acts within a cultural context. It uses the first letters of terms for speech components; the categories are so productive and powerful in analysis that you can use this model to analyze many different kinds of discourse. Mr. McGowan patricularly enjoys applying this model to storytelling. The SPEAKING Model S etting and Scene "Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and, in general, to the physical circumstances" ( Hymes  55).The living room in the grandparents' home might be a setting for a family story. Scene is the "psychological setting" or "cultural definition" of a scene, including characteristics such as range of formality and sense of play or seriousness (Hymes 55-56). The family story may be told at a reunion celebrating the grandparents' anniversary. At times, the family ...
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kibooooo Mannnaaaaa

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S etting : The setting was an old Victorian-type building, third floor, in the Director’s office. A table was in the front of the room with folding chairs around it. Further in the room was the Director’s desk. Pictures and plaques covered the walls and there was a clock on the wall near the door. The scene was the first Thursday of every month, the board of Directors of this non-profit cultural center were assembled to meet for one hour in the early morning to discuss and, when necessary, to vote on matters of importance to the functioning of the Center. P articipants : The potential participants for these meetings were the 13 board members, the staff, consultants, special invited guests and the public at large. The actual participants at each meeting varied depending upon who showed up or asked to be present. The frequent labels used to address were "board members" and "staff persons." In addition, the President of the Board was addressed as "Mr. Presiden...
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Values in life

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Apa ayng sudah di semboyangkan? K ey : There were two keys in which most conversation was conducted. The business key was official and by the rules (Roberts Rules of Order). The joking parts were light and friendly. I nstrument : We met face to face. Notes of the meeting were taken by the recording secretary and would be referred to in subsequent meetings as minutes. An agenda was also used. N orms : There were many norms within these board meetings. One stated norm was to "be on time." However, there was a competing norm that people within this community engage in activities on what they call, "Puerto Rican time." This sense of time is more fluid and could be any time within a larger range. These competing norms both seemed to be used by different participants and it sometimes made conducting official business difficult.  For example, when someone arrived at a meeting late, the other participants would account for this action by saying, "she's on Pu...
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