Coretan Anak KOTEKA

METODE PENERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGRIS – BAHASA INDONESIA Ketika ingin menerjemahkan tulisan, kita perlu memiliki metode penerjemahan yang baik. Contohnya ketika akan menerjemahkan sebuah artikel untuk anak-anak, kita harus menghilangkan istilah-istilah sulit bagi anak-anak. Tentunya pemilihan suatu metode disertai dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang matang mengenai pembaca sasaran, jenis teks, keinginan dan maksud pengarang teks, dan tujuan penerjemahan teks tersebut. Metode berikut ini berorientasi pada BSa (Bahasa Sasaran): 1. Adaptasi (Adaptation) Keterikatan justru lebih dekat pada BSa (Bahasa Sasaran), sedangkan pada BSu (Bahasa Sumber) sangatlah tipis, hampir tidak ada. Penerjemahan teks drama atau puisi lebih banyak memakai metode ini. 2. Penerjemahan Bebas (Free Translation) Metode penerjemahan bebas tidak lagi terikat dengan struktur BSu, tapi lebih menonjolkan isi (content) BSu daripada bentuk strukturnya. 3. Penerjemahan Idiomatik (Idiomatic Translation) Ungkap

Apa ayng sudah di semboyangkan? K ey : There were two keys in which most conversation was conducted. The business key was official and by the rules (Roberts Rules of Order). The joking parts were light and friendly. I nstrument : We met face to face. Notes of the meeting were taken by the recording secretary and would be referred to in subsequent meetings as minutes. An agenda was also used. N orms : There were many norms within these board meetings. One stated norm was to "be on time." However, there was a competing norm that people within this community engage in activities on what they call, "Puerto Rican time." This sense of time is more fluid and could be any time within a larger range. These competing norms both seemed to be used by different participants and it sometimes made conducting official business difficult.  For example, when someone arrived at a meeting late, the other participants would account for this action by saying, "she's on Pu

S etting : The setting was an old Victorian-type building, third floor, in the Director’s office. A table was in the front of the room with folding chairs around it. Further in the room was the Director’s desk. Pictures and plaques covered the walls and there was a clock on the wall near the door. The scene was the first Thursday of every month, the board of Directors of this non-profit cultural center were assembled to meet for one hour in the early morning to discuss and, when necessary, to vote on matters of importance to the functioning of the Center. P articipants : The potential participants for these meetings were the 13 board members, the staff, consultants, special invited guests and the public at large. The actual participants at each meeting varied depending upon who showed up or asked to be present. The frequent labels used to address were "board members" and "staff persons." In addition, the President of the Board was addressed as "Mr. Presiden

A Sample Study Using the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. Model Here is an example of one study that was conducted at a Puerto Rican Center (PRC) that was based on Hymes’ model ( Within one communicative event, PRC board meetings there were: S etting : The setting was an old Victorian-type building, third floor, in the Director’s office. A table was in the front of the room with folding chairs around it. Further in the room was the Director’s desk. Pictures and plaques covered the walls and there was a clock on the wall near the door. The scene was the first Thursday of every month, the board of Directors of this non-profit cultural center were assembled to meet for one hour in the early morning to discuss and, when necessary, to vote on matters of importance to the functioning of the Center. P articipants : The potential participants for these meetings were the 13 board members, the staff, consultants, special invited guests and the public at large. The actual participants at each meeting va

Mengapa Yahudi Pintar dan Mampu Menguasai Dunia? Yahudi sebuah kelompok minoritas dunia. Jika kita berbicara tentang yahudi tentu yang terlintas adalah tentang suatu ras atau agama. Ya, yahudi merupakan sebuah ras tertua. Di kitab-kitab suci banyak yang menceritakan tentang bangsa Yahudi. Tentu kita disini tidak membicarakan tentang sejarah asal usul Yahudi. Namun yang akan kita kupas tuntas adalah tentang bagaimana sebuah kaum minoritas bahkan pernah menjadi korban pembantaian saat ini bisa menguasai dunia. Baiklah kita ungkap beberapa fakta tentang orang Yahudi berikut ini: Orang Yahudi kaya Beberapa filsuf mempertimbangkan uang menjadi hal penting utama untuk Yahudi. Jika Anda melihat-lihat  biografi orang-orang Yahudi yang sukses, Anda akan melihat bahwa mereka dilatih untuk menjadi orang kaya sejak kecil. Sangat penting untuk menyebutkan bahwa jika seorang anak memiliki $ 1, ayahnya melatih dia untuk melipatgandakan uang itu. Tidak ada keraguan bahwa Amerika Serikat ad

Dear All, Today, I would like to discuss with you famous anthropologist and linguist Dell Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1974). According to Hymes, a speech situation can only be understood if not only linguistic, but also other aspects are taken into consideration, such as: the setting of the communication, its goals, and the information about the participants. In order to reflect all these factors and help speech act analysts to make more in-depth analysis, Hymes coined the following acronym: SPEAKING [model/paradigm]. Below is the explanation of how to decode it: S= SETTING/SCENE  – i.e. where the speech situation is taking place (e.g. a University lecture hall) – this is the setting; the overall mood and context (is the conversation serious or funny; what is the cultural ambiance) – this is the scene [aka psychological setting]. P= PARTICIPANTS  – i.e. the information about the participants (e.g. their cultural and sociolinguistic background). E= ENDS  (goals) – i.e. what are the g

Background Sociolinguist  Dell Hymes  developed the following model to promote the analysis of discourse as a series of speech events and speech acts within a cultural context. It uses the first letters of terms for speech components; the categories are so productive and powerful in analysis that you can use this model to analyze many different kinds of discourse. Mr. McGowan patricularly enjoys applying this model to storytelling. The SPEAKING Model S etting and Scene "Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and, in general, to the physical circumstances" ( Hymes  55).The living room in the grandparents' home might be a setting for a family story. Scene is the "psychological setting" or "cultural definition" of a scene, including characteristics such as range of formality and sense of play or seriousness (Hymes 55-56). The family story may be told at a reunion celebrating the grandparents' anniversary. At times, the family